Journal: Advanced Science
Article Title: Data‐Driven Feedback Identifies Focused Ultrasound Exposure Regimens for Improved Nanotheranostic Targeting of the Brain
doi: 10.1002/advs.202517834
Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment window expansion by ML‐CL. (A) Experimental workflow for all MB‐FUS controllers. (B) Cavitation threshold model from the training dataset, showing 7th harmonic AE vs. pressure; 36 dB target level was chosen above the model. (C) ML‐CL pressure decisions (left) and corresponding P Max and P Avg used for OL controllers (right); OL's pressure reduction indicates response to broadband emission events (> 6 dB). D) Representative MRI image for 36 dB target level sonication targets. Total 4 targets per mouse. (E) 7th harmonic emissions during sonication for each controller. P Avg :36.2 ± 3.3 dB, P Max 37.9 ± 2.4 dB, CL:35.1 ± 0.7 dB, ML‐CL:34.7 ± 0.7 dB. n = 8 targets (total 2 animals) per group. (F) Mean (left) and standard deviation (right) of 7 th harmonic emission during sonication by ML‐CL. A variance test ( f ‐test) was performed to compare the standard deviation (right) of the mean 7th harmonic emission at each target. (G) MRI T1 images using the controller at 36 dB or equivalent OL pressure. (H) Quantification of K trans values through DCE‐MRI. (I) Broadband emission histogram (>6 dB considered an event). 11, 46, 14, and 1 instances of broadband emission event out of 1048 total sonications for P Avg , P Max , CL, and ML‐CL, respectively. (J) MLP decision histogram for ML‐CL. 4.4% positive predictions. (46/1040 of sonication). (K) Treatment window analysis for reactive (OL, CL) and predictive (ML‐CL) controllers, showing a ∼300% expansion with ML‐CL (0.09 vs. 0.02 MPa for OL/CL) and a 188% shift in K trans ‐to‐broadband probability curve, indicating improved BBB opening at matched safety. A more detailed figure with individual data points is shown in Figure . ns = not significant, * p < 0.05, and ** p < 0.01. Statistical analyses were performed through One‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction. For the variance test, f ‐test was used with Bonferroni correction.
Article Snippet: To access the vessel permeability in the brain, we measured the volume transfer constant, K trans , by performing DCE‐MRI ( Pharmascan 7T, Bruker , IR, echo time, 2.5 ms; rep time, 1019.6 ms; flip angle, 30; FOV, 20 × 20 mm 2 for mice, 35 × 35 mm 2 for rats) after the last sonication.
Techniques: Sonication, Standard Deviation
